Unilateral Variant in Origin, Position and Course of Pubic Artery Associated with a Variant Obturator Artery and Vein.

Increased frequencies on variations in the origin, course and branching of retropubic vessels has brought an increased attention to anatomists, surgeons and radiologists. Pubic arterial supply normally originates from branches of; obturator artery before it leaves the pelvic cavity at the obturator foramen, and inferior epigastric artery. Branches from these two vessels usually anastomoses to supply the pubis. We observed a unique variation of pubic artery presenting unilaterally during a routine dissection in an 85-years-old male cadaver. A single unilateral variant left pubic artery was seen arising from a variant left obturator artery that originated from external iliac artery in a common trunk with inferior epigastric artery. On its way to the pubic region it gave a branch that provides arterial supply to the rectus sheath. To date this is a rare entity, thereby important to pelvic surgeons and radiologists undertaking routine procedures involving the retropubic space (space of Bogros).

Bilateral multiple variations in the formation of the brachial plexus and its terminal nerves: A case report.

Background: Variations in formation of brachial plexus roots, trunks, divisions and cords are not uncommon and maybe of important in regional anaesthesia involving the upper limb. However, in the present case we are reporting a rare bilateral multiple variations observed during routine dissection on a 77-years-old embalmed male cadaver on left and right brachial plexus. Understanding the anatomical variations involving brachial plexus is important and might benefit the physicians, surgeons, anaesthesiologists and neuroanatomists during their routine procedures involving the cervical, axillary and the upper limb regions.

Double superior vena cava presenting with anomalous jugular and azygous venous systems.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the double superior vena cava occurring with anomalous azygous vein and abnormal termination of the cardiac veins, which has not been reported before in one individual. RESULTS: Examination of the heart revealed the presence of both the right and left superior vena cava. The right superior vena cava terminated into the right atrium and received the right root of the azygous vein, and the left superior vena cava received the left root of the azygous vein before entering the dilated coronary sinus. The azygous vein ascended in the right chest, and at the level of the third thoracic vertebra, it divided into the right and left roots, which joined the respective superior vena cava. Observation of the left lung revealed the presence of both the oblique and horizontal fissures that demarcated the upper, middle, and lower lobes. Dissection of the neck revealed abnormal connection of the superficial veins. The left external and anterior jugular veins opened at the confluence of veins that was drained by the venous arch that passed to the right side of the neck to open into the right external jugular vein. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of double superior vena cava with azygous and superficial jugular venous anomalies is considered to be incidental finding. However, continued documentation of such anomalies is clinically important, and it remains to be important in medical science.